Мовна мапа Балкан після розпаду СФРЮ: мови штокавської діасистеми

The article examines a complex and ambiguous set of problems related to the interpretation of the status of the languages of the Shtokavian diasystem after the collapse of the SFRY: Serbian, Croatian, Bosniak / Bosnian and Montenegrin. The author focuses on a review of the current configuration of the languages of the Shtokavian diasystem on the linguistic map of the Balkan Peninsula and the features of their status and functioning after the collapse of the federal Yugoslav State. The study analyses a number of consequences in various areas of language development that were directly influenced by the powerful geopolitical process of the collapse of the SFRY. A brief review of linguistic works by specialists from the countries of the former federal Yugoslavia, Ukrainian and foreign scholars is presented, they highlight the current state of functioning of the languages of the Shtokavian diasystem as polycentric languages, as well as issues related to the degree of kinship between the Serbian, Croatian and Ukrainian languages. Based on the research materials of leading Serbian and Ukrainian linguists, the article also outlines the main differences between the modern Serbian and Croatian languages at the phonological, lexical and grammatical levels. The graphic features of the transmission of names in accordance with Serbian or Croatian norms are also analyzed. Some morphological differences are also given (in the design of the endings of the verb forms of the perfect masculine, differences in the forms of the first future tense (Future I) in the Serbian and Croatian languages. Certain differences are noted between Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian at the derivational level; the presence of several expressive variants — Serbian and Croatian, as well as Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Montenegrin. The article focuses on the problems of the future development of the Serbian and Croatian languages and the degree of intelligibility for their speakers in the future.