Features of the functioning of large-scale economic and production systems in modern innovative conditions

The article is devoted to the study of the functioning features of large-scale economic and production systems in modern innovation-driven conditions, which are characterized by rapid technological change, digital transformation, and increasing complexity of managerial processes. The paper analyzes the structural and organizational characteristics of such systems, including their multi-level nature, interdependence of subsystems, large-scale production and logistics flows, as well as high sensitivity to external challenges. The key factors influencing the effectiveness of innovation-based development are identified, among them access to technological resources, the level of digital integration, adaptive capacity, the availability of effective communication platforms, and coordination mechanisms between structural elements. Special attention is paid to the role of digital technologies, intelligent management systems, production process automation, and innovative business models that create new opportunities for enhancing the productivity and competitiveness of large-scale systems. The article examines barriers and risks to innovation development, including organizational, financial, and technological constraints that complicate the effective implementation of innovation strategies in complex production systems. It is demonstrated that the successful functioning of such systems requires the introduction of integrated management approaches, the development of flexible interaction models, and the application of forecasting and strategic planning tools. The results obtained can be used to form mechanisms for increasing innovation activity, optimizing resource provision, and developing effective managerial decisions in the operation of large-scale economic and production systems.