Assessing the Impact of Industry 4.0 Technol-ogies on Institutional and Economic Determinants of Economic Activity

The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of key Industry 4.0 technologies on the institutional and economic determinants of economic activity. It is substantiated that digital technologies transform economic systems not only by increasing technological efficiency, but also by changing coordination mechanisms, cost structures, value creation logics, and models of interaction among economic agents. For analytical purposes, three core impact parameters are identified: transaction costs, value chains, and models of inter-agent interaction, which most fully reflect the systemic nature of institutional and economic transformations. The research methodology is based on a combination of case study analysis of real business practices, the construction of an analytical matrix of Industry 4.0 technology impacts, and the calculation of integral effect indicators for each combination of technologies and determinants of economic activity. In addition, the results of the empirical analysis are verified through a meta-analysis of international studies and reports by leading consulting firms, as well as the application of the Delphi method to generalize expert assessments. It is established that robotics, 3D printing, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things exert the most pronounced systemic impact on value chains by reducing production cycles, increasing flexibility, and integrating information and material flows. At the same time, big data and blockchain technologies demonstrate a dominant effect in reducing transaction costs and transforming models of inter-agent interaction, shaping new mechanisms of digital trust, transparency, and decentralized coordination. It is proven that the overall effect of implementing Industry 4.0 technologies is comprehensive, combining technological, organizational, and institutional components of enhanced efficiency of economic systems. The obtained results can be used to substantiate digital transformation policies, enterprise technology development strategies, and the design of instruments to enhance competitiveness.