Risk-based approaches to the management of large-scale economic and production systems

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of applying risk-oriented approaches to the management of large-scale economic and production systems. It substantiates the need to shift from traditional management models toward dynamic tools that enable proactive identification, assessment, and mitigation of risks within complex industrial and economic structures. The study analyzes the classification of risks characteristic of such systems and their impact on resilience, operational efficiency, and strategic controllability. A methodological framework for integrating risk management into corporate governance is proposed, incorporating multi-level risk diagnostics, scenario modeling, early-warning systems, and adaptive planning instruments. Special attention is given to the use of digital technologies, including decision-support systems, big data analytics, and intelligent forecasting models, which enhance the accuracy of risk assessment and ensure system stability under uncertainty.