Study of Blood lead level and its impact on intelligence of children below 12 years of age

Introduction: The Present study is an attempt to assess the level of lead in blood in general population and it’s Impact on intelligence. Methods: A random sample of 70 children between the ages of 1-12 year’s residing in and around Gwalior region, attending Pediatrics OPD of GRMC Gwalior, constituted the material for study. A detail history and examination was done to asses various factor affecting lead status of child. Blood lead level was assessed at DRDE Gwalior and Intelligence was also assessed simultaneously. Results: On data analysis more than 50% off study group was found to have blood lead level above safe level (10 mcg/dl). On analysis of effect of raised lead level on intelligence, it was found that raised blood lead level was associated with decrease in IQ. At various lead levels IQ status were as following, at lead level of 0 - 5 mcg/dl; IQ 96.64%, 5 - 10 mcg/dl; IQ 94.33%, 10 - 15 mcg/dl; IQ 89.05%, 15-20 mcg/dl; IQ 79.75% and at lead level more than 20 mcg/dl; IQ 73.8%. This decrease in intelligence level with increase in blood lead level was statically significant. Conclusion: A healthy appearing child may have silent lead poisoning affecting his intelligence without clinically apparent symptoms and signs until much later in life. High degree of suspicion, in a child with history of pica and poor nutrition status should be there for early diagnosis. Keyword: