MOTOR TEST BENCH AS A SOURSE OF DENGER FACTORS AT CARRYING OUT OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES

Laboratory of Piston Power Plants Department of A.M. Pidgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of National Academy of Science of Ukraine equipped with engine test bench and autotractor diesel engine 2Ch10.5/12. In present paper substantiated urgency of the study of industrial, ecological, fire and explosion safety factors during carrying out of experimental researches on the engine test bench. Also the article describes the features of construction, composition of the bench and shows its diagram. It was concluded that the most appropriate strategy for solving the problem is identification and analysis of these factors for individual units (power plants) of the bench. Engine test benches are unique products that have highly scientific capacity, energy concentration and variety of individual units operation principles. For these units, as well as for laboratory room, developed safety requirements at processes of work, measures and also developed means and their implementation. However, scientific researches aimed a comprehensive and, most importantly, complex investigations of industrial, ecological, fire and explosion safety aspects of engine experimental studies carried out obviously not enough. For this study, first of all, necessary to obtain input data concerning the list and values of such danger factors. These aspects of the subject of several studies, the first part of which is reflected in this article. Bench consists of the following power plants: electric load machine of firm VSETIN which is composed of the direct current dynamometer type DS 742/4-N, control cabinet type VH 136, two-machine unit (motor-generator) type IDP 942-1 and control panel; autotractor diesel engine 2Ch10.5/12 (D21A1); system of measuring equipment; transmission; base steel frame on concrete fundament. D21A1 is the autotractor naturally aspirated air-cooled four-stroke piston internal combustion engine with two in-line cylinders, internal mixture formation and compression ignition, traditional trunk axial crank mechanism. Its cylinder diameter is 105 mm, piston stroke ? 120 mm, connecting rod length ? 270 mm, working volume ? 2.0 l, compression ratio ? 16.5, nominal power (at maximum crankshaft speed 1800 min-1) ? 21-3 kW, maximum torque (at maximum crankshaft speed 1200 min-1) ? 111-16 N?m, effective specific fuel consumption ? 235 g/(kW?h). It has undivided semi-spherical combustion chamber in piston, direct fuel injection, single-plunger high-pressure fuel pump of distributing type, hydromechanical fuel nozzles and all-regimes mechanical regulator. Its mass is 280 kg, overall dimensions ? 693×687×855 mm. The engine has an electric starter. Diesel D21A1 made by Vladimir Tractor Plant and using for tractors, automotive chassis, selective agriculture combines, asphalt pavers, concrete pavers, mobile electric welding stations, water pumps, air compressors. This study correlates with the subject of research of the Faculty of Technogenic and Ecological Safety of the National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine.