A study on the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital

Background: A high prevalence of cardiac failure has been reported in diabetes mellitus. Worldwide, this represents a major burden to the health care systems. The association of cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus emphasizes the need for a screening test like echocardiography to gain knowledge about the cardiac status in diabetic patients. Materials and methods: The present study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 months was designed to determine the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and also to assess the risk factors contributing to its cardiovascular complications. A total of 120 patients of both sexes with type 2 diabetes mellitus of any duration were included in the study. Echocardiography was used to investigate for diastolic dysfunction. Results: A total of 66 diabetic patients were detected with diastolic dysfunction among the 120 subjects under study. Highest prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was observed in the female population and in the individuals belonging to the age group of more than 45 years. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the glycosylated hemoglobin and diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with a P-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Cardio vascular disorders accounts for major morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus, which may predispose to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy leading to congestive cardiac failure. Prompt diagnosis and treatment prevents the progression of heart failure in insulin resistance.