CHARGES ACCOUNT AND THE FIXED ASSETS IMPROVEMENT AT AN ENTERPRISE

The problems of charges account are considered in the context of the fixed assets improvement at an enterprise. Comparison of the normative legislative base is carried out on the basis of book-keeping and tax accounts in relation to the essence of terms ?repair?, ?modernization?, ?improvement of the fixed assets?. The problem is, that there is no clear definition of the concepts of modernization, repair and other types of improvements in the legislation. We found out disagreements in the list of such activities types, that complicate the process of the fixed assets improvement cost registration. Certainly, variants of the fixed assets improvement types are corresponding to the Methodological recommendations on the fixed assets record-keeping: modification, modernization of the fixed assets objects with the purpose of their useful exploitation term prolongation or of their production capacity increase; replacement of separate parts of equipment for products upgrading; introduction of more efficient technological processes, which will allow to decrease production charges, which are primitively appraised; completion (building on) of building, which will increase a building seating (area) capacity, volumes and quality of executed works (services) or to create conditions for their implementation. The problems of organization and methods of charges account of the repaired fixed assets were studied in accordance with the requirements of the Internal revenue code of Ukraine and changes to it. Depending upon the type of capital assets improvement transferred in the tax legislation, a requirement corresponds to the clear determination of the concept of ?improvement of the fixed assets?, and also it is necessary: to differentiate operations on improvement from other operations, above all, from the operations on technical service and exploitation; to determine, what particular charges belong to the charges on improvement. Before registration in a book-keeping or tax account operations on repair or improvement of the fixed assets, it is necessary to make sure, that it is really an operation on repair or improvement, but not charges, related to maintenance and exploitation of a fixed assets object. For the purpose of the synthetic account improvement, it is offered (to reflect the charges on repair) to open 23 ?Productions? on accounts, 91 the ?General production charges?, 92 ?Administrative expenses?, 93 “Selling Expenses”, free sub-account ?Repair of the fixed assets? with a selection of the articles ?Major repairs? and ?Permanent repairs?. On this account it is expedient to accumulate ?Repair of the fixed assets? information about the repairs made and charges after the proper repairing of objects. It will allow to analyze periodicity, expedience and efficiency of the repairs made at an enterprise. The generalized classification of the fixed assets improvements types is a result of the enterprise activities studying. In accordance to the classification it is foreseen to include into the fixed assets improvement expenses on: modernization; technical reequipment; modification; technical service; completion (building on); replacement of separate parts of equipment; introduction of more efficient technological processes; technical examination; reconstruction; major repairs; other types of the fixed assets improvement. Trends of perfecting the charges record-keeping are offered according to the fixed assets improvement: revision of normative legal acts, which regulate the record-keeping in the context of the term of ?improvement of the fixed assets? interpretation and the list of the charges types included; according to the charges account on the fixed assets improvement, which will allow a detailed determination of basic accounts information on the types of improvement and, certainly, to provide information for taking administrative decisions at an enterprise.