The pipes for gas and oil pipelines mains one-sided high-speed welding

Electromagnetic theory of the undercuts formation under the arc magnetic field action according to which as welding speed increases cooling intensifies and arc diameter reduces, induction and magnetic pressure increase, pinch-effect amplifies, has been proved. The arc concentrates, heat input and the pool side edges electrical resistance reduce with the result that current through the side walls and a downward electromagnetic force, under the action of which the liquid metal flows from the pool edges, increase and the undercuts form. In high-speed welding a composite electrode as compared with the wire electrode the heat input into the side edges and their electrical resistance increase; current and induction at the pool side edges and the electromagnetic force decrease that providing the seams qualitative formation and confirming the electromagnetic theory of the undercuts. With welding speed increasing the weld pool molten metal crystallization rate increases in proportion to it, microstructure gets reduced and welding stresses decrease, that providing the welds joints toughness rise. By increasing welding speed due to deflection rearward the arc pressure decreases, the molten metal movement rate into the back part of the pool grows, that resulting in the molten metal hydrodynamic pressure reduction. Due to simultaneous reduction of the arc pressure, of the downward electromagnetic force and of the molten metal hydrodynamic pressure, the crystallization rate increase and the pool molten state time reduction the backing bead formation on the melt backing improves greatly at the high-speed welding. The energy-saving process of one-sided high-speed welding of the pipes for gas and oil pipelines on the melt backing with the use of glass flux by means of a composite electrode, which provides quality and the welded joints toughness increase, has been developed