Palm Karnel Shell Ash as a Partial Replacement for Cement in the Production of Paving Blocks

Palm kernel shell is known for its similar mineral element with cement and little binding ability in ash form. This research presents a report on the study of the material properties of paving block by inclusion of Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA) as partial replacement for cement, to know the optimum replacement without falling below minimum breaking strength to which Paving blocks can still be produced. In achieving this, a mix of 1:1.5:3 with a 0.5 w/c was used throughout the production with PKSA replacing cement for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days considered in the test for compressive, and tensile strength and 7 days, 21 days, and 28 days for flexural strength for all percentages. The findings revealed that 10% cement replacement yielded an optimum strength increase of 6%, 9%, 6% and 5% for compressive strength; 5%, 8%, 13% and 3% for split tensile strength for the curing days respectively. In addition, 4% increase in flexural strength for 7 days curing with no significant increase for 21 and 28 days curing. On the overall, the research revealed that PKSA inclusion as partial replacement for cement as binder in paving block making resulted in cost reduction of about 3.3% savings Ottos, C. G. | Isaac, O. E."Palm Karnel Shell Ash as a Partial Replacement for Cement in the Production of Paving Blocks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11194.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/11194/palm-karnel-shell-ash-as-a-partial-replacement-for-cement-in-the-production-of-paving-blocks/ottos-c-g