Bony Changes in CKD Patient with or Without Hemodialysis

The incidence of chronic kidney disease CKD and end-stage renal disease ESRD has been increasing steadily for decades. The CKD epidemic is a worldwide public health problem, associated with premature death, increased morbidity and, last but not least, enormous costs related to renal replacement therapy RRT . The rise in ESRD globally is largely due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and nephrosclerosis, the two major causes of CKD An increasing number of older patients, particularly those over 65 years of age, is also a contributing factor. CKD is usually associated with a progressive loss of renal function over several years or even decades. When patients with CKD progress to Stage 5 renal failure glomerular filtration rate GFR below 15ml min 1.73m2 they usually suffer from uraemic symptoms at this stage the possibility of starting RRT should have already been discussed. There are two options for RRT chronic dialysis therapy peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis or renal transplantation RTx . The present work relates primarily to kidney transplant patients. Dr. Amit Kumar Verma "Bony Changes in CKD Patient with or Without Hemodialysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18567.pdf