POSTUROLOGY IN PHYSICAL REHABILITATION OF PERSONS WITH DISORDERS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

A brief historical overview of the research in the context of the posturology formation as a science dealing with the study of the formation features of the human vertical body position, the preservation of a stable body position in space, as well as the mechanisms of a stable posture regulation and the causes of their violation are highlighted in the article. A gradual but inevitable transformation of various postural concepts from purely mechanistic, biomechanical models that consider the human body as a set of definite scheme of postures or pattern of bio link motion to a complex multimodal control system for the stable body position in space are described. The value of the vestibular system (semicircular canals), visual (oculomotor muscles) and auditory analyzers in preserving the stable position of the human body (child) in space is briefly characterized. The leading role of proprioceptive information about the body position (from the spinal column, articulations of limbs, separate muscle groups), the value of plantar (plantar) regulation in maintaining a stable posture is noted. Numerous studies of postures and management mechanisms enabled revealing a unique systemic interaction of all sensory systems (mentioned above) in a variable ensemble of stable posture regulation in various orthograde positions of a person. In order to reveal the features of person's erect position, a particular importance of stablemetry as a method for evaluating all possible characteristics of his / her vertical posture is given. The software platform «Stabilan-01» allows us to obtain the necessary qualitative spatial and temporal characteristics of the motion of the pressure center both in the frontal and sagittal planes, to reveal the leading sensory channel of regulation for each particular testee. Special corrective perspectives are laid in te stablemetry method in terms of the stable vertical body position formation on the basis of a visual feedback system. The existing domestic experience in applying post-surgery in correctional pedagogy is demonstrated. The main research methods are indicated; they got adopted in the form of traditional medical tests in posturology, as well as the author's pedagogical tests for static, static-and-dynamic and dynamic equilibrium. Their insufficiency is shown in order to obtain reliable information about the causes of failure in the system of postures regulation, which makes it difficult to plan an effective correctional process by means of physical education. There has undertaken an attempt to determine the main methodological positions for using the possibilities of posturology in general and stablemetry, in particular, in improving the efficiency of corrective physical education targeted to children with musculoskeletal disorders (having postural deficiency syndrome).