Prolotherapy with 12.5% dextrose to treat temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD)

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is a collective term used to describe a complex and multifactorial disorders of the orofacial region. Symptoms commonly associated with TMD include TMJ pain, limited mandibular movement or locking and painful clicking or popping sounds. Most of patients diagnosed with TMD are initially treated conservatively. Failure of such conservatism poses a great challenge for the treating physician. Prolotherapy has been used successfully in many joints in the body by orthopedics and spinal surgeons. Injection prolotherapy has also been used in management of weakening tendons or ligaments in head and neck.