Review of Arrhythmias in Children with Congenital Heart Disease in Albaha Area, Saudi Arabia

Background: Arrhythmias are common in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and contribute to morbidity and mortality. The prevalence, type, and presentation vary depending age and other factors. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of arrhythmias and associated factors in children with CHD in King Fahad Hospital, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from January 2010 to December 2020. In total, 185 patients, aged 1 day to 14 years, were included. Children with arrhythmias and CHD were included, while those without CHD were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Arrhythmias were confirmed in 46 patients (24.86%), while 139 patients (75.14%) had no electrocardiographic abnormalities, 95 % CI (14.12–21.22). Among the arrhythmias, we found that first-degree atrio-ventricular block was the most common and reported in 30 patients (16.21%); atrial tachyarrhythmias in 5 patients (2.7 %); premature ventricular contractions in 4 patients (2.16%); premature atrial contractions in 3 patients (1.62%); sinus bradycardia in 2 patients (1.1%); complete heart block in 1 patient and a prolonged QT interval with severe hypokalemia, ((0.54%) for each. Conclusion: Arrhythmias are common in children with CHD, and early diagnosis and regular follow-up have significant benefits in management. Cardiac surgery, heart failure, digoxin, and electrolyte disturbances were confirmed as risk factors.