PILGRIMAGE AS THE PRIMARY FACT OF ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT. GENERALIZED CLASSIFICATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PILGRIM ENVIRONMENTS

Pilgrimage is an inseparable phenomenon of the cultural life of mankind, a kind of moral and spiritual need to communicate with the shrines. The desire to monumentally glorify and root the dogmas and postulates of different religions contributed to the emergence and development of civilization. Therefore, the preservation and ennoblement of such cultural and spiritual heritage as pilgrimage sites is an urgent issue in the world because of the great value of their spiritual and material potential for enriching not only culture but also for scientific and education fields. The aim of this scientific article is to study categories, definitions, and basic principles forming and planning of the architectural organization of the pilgrimage environments. The article considers the categorical-conceptual apparatus of architectural solutions of pilgrimage environments, their typology and morphology, based on sources from different branches of science, compatible with the topic. Based on the analysis of theoretical materials of pilgrimage customs of the world and its photo analogs, the classification of pilgrimage environments was formed in the form of a graphical table. It was considered peculiarities of classifications and functional content of pilgrimage environments and root causes of influence on volume and spatial architectural organization solutions based on the analysis of analogs of the world and domestic experience. In the process of analysis of historical orientated theoretical sources the primary influence of pilgrimage on the development of architecture and civilization, in general, was revealed.