Implementation of Long Range Wireless IoT Device for Agriculture Using Multi-Hop Topology Design

This paper presents a proof of concept for self powered Internet of Things (IoT) device, which is maintenance free and completely self-sustainable through energy harvesting. The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of sensor nodes (SNs) that are distributed randomly or pre planned form and have restricted capacity. Because SNs are energy limited and battery change is difficult, energy consumption is one of the most vital factors affecting the WSN design. There is a lot of energy efficiency studies done because of the effect on network life time. These IoT devices can be deployed in large scale and placed anywhere as long as they are in range of a gateway, and as long as there is sufficient light levels for the solar panel, such as indoor lights. The IoT device can potentially last for more than 7 months (transmission interval of 30 seconds). The preferred topologies and protocols in multi-hop WSNs have a significant impact on energy consumption. In this study, the effect of different WSN topologies on energy consumption under the same conditions was examined comparatively. For this purpose, a multi-hop WSN application was made in different scenarios in the simulation environment and the total energy consumption amounts of SNs were scrutinized for different topologies.