Hypertension: Types, Pathophysiology and Treatment

Hypertension is described as a persistent increase in resting systolic (130 mm Hg), diastolic (80 mm Hg), or both blood pressures. The most common form of hypertension is primary hypertension (previously known as critical hypertension). Sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, or primary aldosteronisms are the most common causes of secondary hypertension (hypertension with a known cause). As part of the treatment, Diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, Angiotensin transforming enzyme inhibitors, a1-adrenergic blockers, Direct vasodilators, Central adrenergic inhibitors, and Natriuretic peptides are some of the medications used to manage hypertension.