Diagnosing Abnormal Intraepithelial Lesion of Cervix to Screen for Cervical Cancer

Introduction: cervical cancer is the most common genital cancer among women in India. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant transformation and abnormal changes in squamous cells on the surface of the cervix. The precursor can be readily detected by a painless, reproducible, and reasonably accurate screening test, the Pap smear, which has been the basis for the significant decrease in cervical cancer mortality. Aim of the study: was: the role of pap smear in detecting premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix and to determine the prevalence of various lesions. Materials and methods: this was a retrospective study done in a private clinic and pathology lab in district Shivpuri (MP). The study was done during the period from 1st October 2018 to 30th September 2020. Result: In this study out of 500 cases, 2.8 % of cases were reported as unsatisfactory. Non-neoplastic smears were reported in (87.2) %, out of which, Inflammatory smear was 77.2 % normal smear were 6.8 % and atrophic smear was 0.4 %. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found in 10 % of cases. The most common epithelial abnormalities was ASCUS 4.8 % followed by LSIL 3 %, ASCH 1.2 %, AGUS 0.4 %, HSIL 0.4 % and SCC 0.2 %. IN our study the epithelial abnormalities were most commonly found in the patient of 41-50 years of age group. Conclusion: Premalignant lesions of the lower genital tract can be picked up in routine screening. Early diagnosis of cancer in the pre-invasive state has a better prognosis and advanced-stage morbidity is prevented. Pap smear is cheaper as compared to cancer treatment in the long run.