Endodontic Biofilms - A Review

Biofilm like structures are the main form in which bacteria infecting the root canal system are organized. Bacterial biofilms can be found in virtually all areas of the root canal system, including the main canal, apical and lateral ramifications, isthmuses, and recesses. Biofilms are very frequent in the apical part of root canals of teeth with primary or posttreatment apical periodontitis. It consists of microbial cells of different species and is organized in multiple cell layers, embedded within a matrix. The composition and structure of this endodontic biofilm are highly variable. Biofilm infection may be very difficult to reach and eradicate and may require special strategies for successful management. This review article briefly describes different types of endodontic biofilms, its characteristics and eradication.