Solitons: A Promising Technology in Optical Communication

Optical solitons are stable optical pulses formed by the perfect balancing of Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) and Self Phase Modulation (SPM) in a fiber. These pulses carrying information would travel trans-oceanic distances without changing shapes and hence assures a high speed optical communication. Here, we present a review of optical solitons, focusing on its formation and underlying principles, mathematical model, challenges faced, and applications.