Pattern of Thyroid Disease in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia

Background Thyroid gland is one of the important organ in human body and the burden of thyroid diseases in the general population is enormous specially in females. In Saudi Arabia its pattern is differ from area to area. Aim of the study The present work was conducted to study the pattern of thyroid disorders among patients attended to the endocrinology clinics in King Khalid Hospital, Hail region, Saudi Arabia. Results The patients complaining of different thyroid disorders were 175.98 (56 %) cases was found to have hypothyroidism and 57 (32.6 %) had hyperthyroidism. Iodine deficiency was associated with hypothyroidism in females but it was common in males with hyperthyroidism. The etiology and risk factors of hypothyroidism were stress, malignant tumors, Hashimooto thyroiditis and diabetes in males while they were bad nutrition, Iodine deficiency, goiter, benign thyroid tumor and family history in females. Diabetes, graves, disease, benign and malignant tumors were common in males but bad nutrition, iodine deficiency, goiter and family history were the more frequent in fameless suffered from hyperthyroidism. Total cases with goiter were 89 most of them were males (60.7 %) palpable goiter was more common 75.5 than visible type. Malignant thyroid were found mainly in males (75 %) with papillary type of cancer (64.3 %) and the common presenting manifestation was hyperthyroidism (53.6 %). Conclusion Thyroid disorders are common in Hail region specially in females. The pattern is more or less similar to that detected in other Saudi cities. Goiter and malignant thyroid are more common in males. Recommendation More studies should be carried out in Hail region to stress on the individual thyroid disorder so as more comprehensive studies could be obtained.