Grain quality of bread spring wheat hybrid lines - descendants of hybrids of synthetics with the variety Kharkivska 26

Relevance. The problem of selection improvement of wheat in terms of grain quality is currently relevant. One of the genetic sources for improving grain quality are amphidiploids obtained by hybridizing tetraploid wheat species with the wild related species Aegilops tauschii Coss. (in the world literature they are now referred to as synthetics or synthetic hexaploids - SH). Purpose of the study was to evaluate the grain quality indicators of 29 introgression lines obtained by hybridization of synthetic hexaploids Triticum durum Desf. - Aegilops tauschii Coss. and T.persicum Vav. – Ae.tauschii with bread spring wheat variety Kharkivska 26. Methods. Protein content, gluten content, gluten quality according to gluten deformation index (GDI) in grain grown in different weather conditions - 2015, 2016, 2017, and protein content also in 2020, were analyzed.The analysis of grain quality was carried out in the Laboratory of genetics, biotechnology and grain quality of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS. The protein content in the grain was determined using an InfraLUM FT-10 device. The gluten quality was determined using an VDK-1 M device. The trait indicators were evaluated on a scale: 0-15 - group III, unsatisfactorily strength; 20-40 - group II, satisfactorily strength; 45-75 - group I, good; 80-100 - group II, satisfactorily weak; 105-120 - group III, unsatisfactorily weak. Evaluation of ecological plasticity and stability was carried out according to the method of Eberhart S.A. and Russel W.A. (1966). Results. The protein content in the grain of the studied lines varied depending on the year conditions. 2017 and 2015 were favorable for the manifestation of the trait being characterized by less precipitation during the period of grain ripening; unfavorable was 2020 - the most humid; intermediate was 2016. The average rate of recurrent variety Kharkivska 26 was 14.6%. The highest protein content was noted in the lines DK 26 and DK 22, respectively, 16.4% and 15.9%. The following lines also exceeded the recurrent variety: DK 4, DK 21, DK 23, DK 30, DK 37, DK 39, DK 44, DK 48, DK 50, DKS 16, DKS 18, DKS 19. The lines of DKS 14 and DKS 15 had the lowest protein content – respectively 12.8% and 13.0%.