Activization of cognitive activity of young schoolchildren in the process of formation knowledge competencies in nature sciences

The importance of primary school students' educational and cognitive activity activation in the scientific competence formation is justified in the article. In the psychological and pedagogical literature, it is convincingly shown that properly organized students' cognitive work in the lesson contributes to a significant increase in the learning effectiveness, activation of educational and cognitive activity. The modern approach in organizing the pedagogical process of primary school is aimed at stimulating the motivation of teachers to self-improvement. According to the New Ukrainian School Concept the Natural Sciences educational process organization, modern didactics requires that primary school students not only understand, memorize and reproduce the knowledge they have, but, most importantly, are able to operate them, apply them effectively when performing creative tasks. The educational branch of "natural science" core task is to formulate ways of students' educational and cognitive activity, mental actions and operations; to develop the ability finding cause and effect in nature. You can achieve this goal by activating educational and cognitive activities in lessons and after-hours, using a number of forming subject methods, key and cross-curricular competences. A number of effective methods for activating primary school students' educational and cognitive activity are proposed. When choosing methods, scientists adhered to the nature compliance principle. To the effective methods of activating the primary school students' educational and cognitive activity in Science lessons, scientists include productive (the studied material is used in practice), heuristic or partially searchable (individual elements of new tasks the student finds through solving cognitive problems), problematic (student realizes a problem and ways to solve it), interactive (active interaction of all students, during which everyone thinks about their activities, feels their success). The relevance and growing interest in the problem is related to the implementation of the New Ukrainian School Concept.