Comparison of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in Saliva of Normal, Gingivitis and Periodontitis Patients

Introdction: Gingival and periodontal diseases are one of the most common oral diseases. It is a chronic, infectious, and multi-factorial disease which results in inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment loss and bone loss. Chronic periodontitis can lead to tooth mobility, tooth loss and systemic complications. Recently, several salivary biomarkers of periodontal disease were being evaluated for disease activity status. The current study was undertaken to compare the level of salivary Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in normal, gingivitis and periodontitis patients. Material & Methods: The totals of 45 subjects were included in the study. They were divided into three groups with 15 subjects of Normal, Gingivitis and Periodontitis patients. The saliva samples were collected and the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASP) and Alkaline Phosphatse (ALP) levels were measured using commercially available kits using auto-analyzer according to the manufacturer's instructions. The results obtained were statistically analyzed by multiple inter-group comparisons using SPSS software by using ANOVA and Scheffe multiple comparisons. Results: The results of Kruskall Wallis' ANOVA showed all the three variables AST, ALP and LDH had statistically significant differences, with periodontitis patients showing the highest value for AST, ALP and LDH. The Mann Whitney U test showed that all the three variables SGOT, ALP and LDH had statistically significant difference between groups, except for ALP between gingivitis and periodontitis patients were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results led to a conclusion that the all the three variables AST, ALP and LDH were good markers to differentiate the normal, gingivitis and periodontitis patients except for ALP which was not significant between gingivitis and periodontitis patients.