Pneumothorax and lung metastases cavitation during cabozantinib treatment for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A clinical case with literature overview

Cabozantinib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Radiological response evaluation may be difficult because, like other multikinase inhibitors, cabozantinib causes vascularization reduction and, in the lung, it may be associated with metastasis cavitation instead of a pure size reduction. Moreover treatment may be complicated with pneumothorax development, a life threatening condition, that has to be clinically suspected and promptly recognized on imaging. We present a clinical case of a spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma treated with cabozantinib.