A Review on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment

Inflammatory bowel disease:-is chronic inflammation and group of disease GIT tract IBD include two idiopathic bowel disease include crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis which is differ to each other only on morphological appearance. IBD was caused by various factor like genetic factor, immunological factor microbial factor and psychosocial factor. the various complication occur in IBD fistula formation, stricture formation, malabsorption, malignancy and carcinoma. The treatment of IBD is very complex because there are several factors that induce inflammation in the GI tract. There is a need to cause a variation of pharmacokinetic drugs. The basic aim of treatment is relief symptoms, induction of remission, prevention relapse, healing of fistulae, avoidance of emergency surgery. The drugs given in Crohn's disease have an effect at a particular site of the intestine. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) contains two chronic idiopathic inflammatory diseases that are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). . Clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiologic features are used to diagnose one from another. Studies of the mucosal enzyme have shown that patients with Crohn's disease have significantly reduced the brush border enzyme (disaccharides) but no change in the function of the cytoplasmic enzyme (Dipeptidase). The enzyme level in patients with ulcerative colitis did not differ from the healthy controls. The reduction of brush border enzymes with normal cytoplasmic enzymes in the presence of abnormal morphometry is further evidence of the concept of Crohn?s disease diffuse lesion of the gastrointestinal tract.