Evaluation of antibacterial, antibiofilm activity of biosynthesis MgONPs and cellular immunity in rabbit

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is one of the most promising nanoparticles due to its mono-metallic oxide group, High melting point, no toxicity issues, high hardness, and high purity. For those reasons, these materials were used in many fields including medicine, agriculture, electronics, energy, and environmental protection. Leuconostoc spp. was used as a facility to biosynthesize MgO nanoparticles, then optimized pH and Mg (NO3)2.6H2O concentration for its antibacterial activity and cellular immunity reactions including skin sensitivity through studying Interleukin 1-Beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 17 (IL-17) and Interleukin 2 (IL-2) responding. The study shows that the optimum pH for Magnesium Oxide (MgO) biosynthesis was 12, optimum Mg (NO3)2.6H2O concentration was 0.1 M, while antibacterial activity shows a high effect on Gram-negative bacteria with 125 µg/ml as minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) and 500 µg/ml as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the immunity study appeared that the MgO nanoparticles (MgONPs) altered the immunity response in skin test duration and diameter of MgONPs as 1.31±0.55, 9.33±1.15, 11.33±1.75 and 8.33±0.75 mm after 4,24,84 and 72 hours, respectively. IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-2 show significant differences compared to the control group at P-value ≤ 0.05 as 82.305±13.38, 101.444±16.943 and 49.781±5.264, respectively. MgONPs can be used as an alternative treatment for multidrug resistance MDR bacteria due to their high effectiveness against bacterial growth, MgONPs induced the cellular immunity response in rabbit tissues as delivery of immunogen.