A Review Article of Canarium ovatum as a Potential Alternative Fatty Acid Source for Tilapia Feeds

Tilapia cannot biosynthesize all essential fatty acids, requires supplementation to provide growth, and reproductive development. Fatty acids catalyzed the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients such as sterols and vitamins A, D, E and K. These nutritional requirements can be acquired from Pili Canarium ovatum. Pili are cultivated in Bicolandia, hardwood tree, bear fruits, the primary importance are the nuts for pastry products and expensive oil, used used in pharmaceutical products, industrial and culinary. Once pili are harvested the pulp just turned into waste or served as feed for husbandry and edible blanched vegetables. More importantly, pili pulp has an exceptional nutritional composition comparable to olive oil. The macro minerals are calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus. The iron, copper, zinc, chromium, and selenium are known essential minerals; cofactors for metabolic and physiological functions in the body. The fatty acids profile includes oleic acid (60.93%), palmitic acid (23.96%), palmitoleic acid (4.66%), stearic acid (2.64%), and linoleic acid (6.63%). Significant factors to produce for tilapia through feed inclusion, described with high digestibility, palatable and high metabolizable energy (ME). The optimum dietary requirement levels of n-6 acids estimated at about 1% for red belly tilapia, Tilapia zillii, and 0.5% for Oreochromis niloticus. The optimum n-3 fatty acids for tilapia is undetermined, the efficacy of both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs satisfy the physiological demand and bioconvert C18 PUFAs to long-chain HUFAs. However, undeniable that plantbased ingredient contained phytic and tannic, reduce mineral absorption in the bod