Possibilities of the early diagnosis and prognosis of complicated clinical forms of chronic pancreatitis

AIM: This study aimed to improve the methods for the diagnosis of complicated clinical forms of chronic pancreatitis (CP) by evaluating the clinical significance of the polymorphisms of the genes of cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (SPINK1), transmembrane regulator of cystic fibrosis (CFTR), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in patients with complicated and uncomplicated forms of CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on the clinical base of the Department of Hospital Surgery, Ryazan State Medical University, Center for Surgery of Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary Tract in Ryazan in 2014–2019. A total of 108 patients of both genders aged 25–65 years were examined. Of these patients, 38 were surgically treated for complicated CP, 20 had complicated CP without surgery, and 50 had uncomplicated CP (control group). A comparative clinical study with the control group of patients was performed, and the genotype was simultaneously determined on days 1 and 10 under controlled laboratory parameters. DNA was isolated from the leukocytes of the whole blood by using a DNA-expressing blood reagent (OOO NPF Litekh, Russia) for further analysis. RESULTS: No polymorphism of cationic trypsinogen PRSS1 gene and cystic fibrosis-2 CFTR2 gene was found. The predictive value of these polymorphisms was insignificant. For the polymorphism of CFTR1 cystic fibrosis-1 gene, the odds ratio was 0.444, but this finding was not significant. Among patients with the complicated clinical forms of CP, mutations were observed in the PRSS1 cationic trypsinogen gene (c2 = 6.453, p = 0.012) and ADH (c2=14.176, p = 0.001). Conversely, they were not detected in the CFTR-1 gene (c2 = 0.873, p = 0.351), CFTR-2 (c2 was not determined), and SPINK1 (c2 = 0.873, p = 0.351). The polymorphisms of the ADH and PRSS1 genes of cationic trypsinogen were associated with more evident structural changes in the parenchyma and ductal system of the pancreas. They also had a higher likelihood of complications, severe disease course, and a lower efficiency of conservative treatment. The polymorphism of the ADH gene increased the risk of the development of the cystic form of CP (c2 = 5.898, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of ADH and cationic trypsinogen genes should be determined and used for the complex diagnosis of CP to specify indications for the surgical treatment of patients with CP.