“Landmark-to-Landmark”: Exploring Wayfinding Aspect Criteria for the Campus

Wayfinding problems often occur in the public areas or public buildings with complex arrangements, including in the campus area. As a multi-building and multi-space area, the campus arrangement causes wayfinding problems for visitors due to many available pathways, low visual access, and temporary spatial changes. In addition, building in the campus area are designed in a predetermined style that makes the visual and spatial features of the campus area less distinctive. This study explores and formulates design criteria for a campus arrangement that emphasizes the ease of wayfinding using observation and in-depth interviews. This study found several criteria that must be applied in the campus arrangement to minimize wayfinding problems for campus visitors. Campus arrangement is not only focused on exploring the character of individual buildings but also on other aspects, such as visual access, plan configuration, and use of signs, according to the visitor's spatial cognition. To minimize wayfinding problems for campus visitors, the arrangement of the campus area must emphasize the integration of landmarks in each zone on the campus.