RECENT PERSPECTIVES OF CHALCONE BASED MOLECULES AS PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE 1B (PTP1B) INHIBITORS

Type 2 diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus (DM), is a complex illness defined by high blood sugar, abnormal lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, and an elevated risk of vascular disease consequences. Type 2 diabetes (t2D) and obesity, in which Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acts as a negative regulator of the insulin and leptin-signaling pathway, have received sufficient attention. Insulin signaling is downregulated by PTP-1B, which is responsible for dephosphorylating the insulin receptor. Inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) are the most recent potential treatment for diabetes because they boost insulin production by blocking the dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Some natural items have shown promise as potential diabetes treatments. PTP1B is strongly inhibited by chalcones, also known as 1,3-diphenyl-2E-propen-1-one, an open chain intermediate in the synthesis of aurones from flavones with a benzylideneacetophenone scaffold in which two aromatic nuclei are connected by a three-carbon, unsaturated carbonyl bridge. The pharmacology, mode of action, structural features, and substituents necessary for PTP1B modulation have all been examined in detail in this chapter. To become effective therapeutic drugs or formulations for the control of diabetes, however, all of these inhibitors will need to be extensively researched and tested for their effectiveness and toxicity.