Consumer Genomics in Personalized Nutrition

Omics technologies give consumers access to personalized disease prevention. Today, commercial genetic testing is very popular. For instance, nutrigenetic testing requires no medical consultation or prescription. Personalized nutrition is an informed diet choice based on genetic, phenotypic, climatic, geographical, and environmental data. It is a more effective preventive measure than standard dietary recommendations. This article describes the state and prospects of consumer genomics with an emphasis on nutrigenetic testing as a basis for personalized dietary choice. The review covered scientific publications registered in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and eLIBRARY.RU in 2012/2020–2025, as well as popular science literature and marketing reports. The development of human genomics had passed through several stages before it gave start to personalized nutrition as part of consumer genomics. Its popularization on the Russian nutrition market has its own peculiarities. The topic field includes such aspects as nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, genome-wide association studies, polygenic risk index, epigenetics, and metabolomics of microbiome. The bioinformatics and machine learning help to process and interpret personalized data. Genetic risks awareness increases the motivation for healthier lifestyle choices. While the field of genetic research and personalized nutrition is run by some foreign and Russian direct-to-consumer companies, legal regulation remains a vague issue in this sphere. Personalized nutrition requires a competent use of interdisciplinary achievements combined with ethical standards and regulatory norms. However, serious preclinical and clinical studies are needed to introduce personalized nutrition into the state healthcare system.