WEIGHTING TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS FOR REGIONAL RAILWAY STATIONS IN THAILAND USING THE SPHERICAL FUZZY ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

This research develops an integrated assessment framework for evaluating Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) potential around regional railway stations in Thailand using the Spherical Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (SFAHP). An extensive literature review was conducted to identify and analyze seven main factors and 24 sub-indicators from previous TOD studies across different railway station types. Expert evaluations were systematically incorporated to determine the relative importance of these factors within Thailand's specific context. The results indicate that density (20.1%) and diversity (18.1%) are the most critical factors, followed by transit (15.1%), design (14.7%), destination accessibility (11.7%), economic development (10.8%), and distance to transit (9.5%). Among the sub-indicators, land use diversity, population density, and level of mixed land use emerged as the most influential elements. The SFAHP methodology effectively addressed the uncertainty and complexity in expert judgments, resulting in a more robust evaluation system than traditional methods. This assessment framework offers a valuable tool for policymakers, urban planners, and developers to prioritize investment and development efforts in Thailand's expanding regional rail network. The findings provide significant implications for integrating transportation and land use planning to achieve sustainable urban development in Thailand's regional context, ultimately supporting the country's national strategic goals for infrastructure development.