A Survey On Real Time State Estimation For Optimal Placement Of Phasor Measurement Units In Power Systems Using Kalman Filter

The traditional methods of security assessment using offline data and SCADA data have become inconsistent for real time operations. The latest and propelled strategy in electric power system used for security assessment is �synchrophasor� measurement technique. The device called Phasor measurement unit (PMU) provides the time stamped data for proper monitoring, control and protection of the power system. PMU measures positive sequence voltage and current time synchronized to within a microsecond. The time synchronization of data is done with the help of timing signals from Global Positioning System (GPS). However, Phasor measurements units cannot be placed on every bus in a network mainly because of economical constraints. In this paper we provide a literature survey of determining the minimum number of Phasor measurement units to be placed in a given network so that the system becomes observable.