AN ORIGINAL POLITICAL STRUCTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGE: POWERFUL AND INFLUENTIAL EACH COMMANDER HAS BECOME SULTAN

Medieval Turkish-Islamic states were being governed by dynasties, we face a different political structure of the Mamluk Turkish State. The political and military developments in the XIII. century in the Turkish-Islamic geography exposed to invasion of Mongol after invasion of the Crusaders, ensured the powerful and influential commander to be sultan in the Mamluk Turkish State. And those sultans have almost ruled Egypt, Syria and Hijaz region for three centuries. Even if they ascended the throne with their hereditary from time to time, it was related with their mastery, power and influence in the management of the state rather than being member of the dynasty. These practices not changing from establishing of the state to the end of the state have formed a reign of structure peculiar to the period and region. We will reveal the state's reign structure in terms of changes of reign taking place in the first century of Mamluk State's reign structure formation.