INDEPENDENT AND PERSONNEL COMMENTARIES AND THE METHOD THEY USED IN THE OTTOMAN PERIOD / OSMANLI DÖNEMİNDE BAZI MÜSTAKİL DİRÂYET TEFSİRLERİ VE UYGULADIKLARI YÖNTEMLER

While the education and training of the Islamic activities are carried out in the mosques, lodges (tekke) and mascids at the beginnings, such activities were implemented in the madrasas for various reasons at later times. The establishment of the madrasah starts with the Great Seljuks and it spreads everywhere in time. The first madrasa was founded by Orhan Gazi in Iznik in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman madrasas, which were educational institutions for the educationalists and other public officials, reached its peak during the Fatih and Kanuni periods. It then followed a period of stagnation and started to decline. From their establishment until the closure of them various sciences were taught in the Ottoman madrasas and Zamakhshari's Keşşâf and Kâzı Beyzâvî's Envâru't-Tenzîl were taught as commentary. These two commentaries, which were written in line with the detailed- inductive method, became the main sources of these types of the commentaries written during the Ottoman period. A small number of detailed-inductive commentaries were written during the Ottoman period. Detailed explanations (şerh), re- explanations of previous works (hasiye) and partial explanations of the books (talik) were done rather than writing the work of commentaries during this period.