PHYSICAL AND TEHNOLOGCHSESKIE PROPERTIES OF MODERN VARIETIES OF SMALL-SEEDED CROPS

To ensure the quality of grain storage is possible only with a good understanding of processes, focused view of the physiological properties occurring in the grain mass at all stages of post-harvest processing and subsequent storage. A lot of problems arise with small seeded crops (sorghum, millet, amaranth, rape, mustard, flax, poppy and others), related to the so-called small seeded by their geometric dimensions and low weight of 1000 grains (up to 6 grams - oil, 25 g - grain). At present not well understood and defined physical and technological, dimensional, aerodynamic and hygroscopic properties and thermal characteristics, grain respiration rate of a number of small seeded crops not set their dependence on the moisture content of grain or seed. This article considered the current state and problems of post-harvest handling and storage of small seeded crops, the results of theoretical and experimental studies of physical, mechanical, technological, aerodynamic and hygroscopic properties, the dimensional characteristics of small seeded crops It was established that with increasing seed moisture decreases nature, slightly increasing weight of 1000 grains and external factors friction at rest and movement, increasing the size caryopsides length and thickness and width are virtually unchanged. Based on the research of aerodynamic properties of the dependence of speed greetings from moisture storage and small seeded crops received empirical linear quation specified dependencies, just the humidity in the range of 9,8...16.8 % for oil and 9.2...24.2% for small seeded cereal cultures. It is shown that the aerodynamic resistance of small seeded crops increases with the height of the embankment, humidity, density stacking, fines content and airflow. To clean small seeded crops difficult to separate of impurities can use the difference in aerodynamic properties of basic grains and impurities. allowed to recommend for removal of impurities from sieves with round holes - diameter 8 ... 10 mm for the separation of coarse impurities with a diameter of 2,6 mm to separate impurities and large diameter of 1,4 mm to separate small impurities. If necessary, choose the mesh size sieve to separate small seeded crops into two factions that are different chemical composition can use particle size characteristics such as fashion.