The Structural and Functional Changes of the Alveolar Sprout and Forearm Bone Tissue in Patients with Fractures of the Jaws Considering Generalized Periodontitis

The purpose of the study is to examine the structural and functional state of bone tissue of the alveolar sprout by means of computer tomography and mineral density of the forearm using a method of two-dimensional densitometry in patients with fractures of the jaws considering the generalized periodontitis. The material and research methods. The study of bone tissue density (BT) of the alveolar sprout in patients of study groups was conducted by means of spiral computer tomograph Emotion of “Siemens” (Netherlands). The general estimation of the structural and functional state of skeletal system was conducted by the method of x-rayed two-dimensional absorptiometry on the unit of Challenger (DMC, France), studying the forearm in a front-back projection. The methodology is based on the principle of comparison of data on mineral density of bone tissue (MDBT) of patient with the built model of the state of MDBT in certain ethnic population, taking into account the indicators of sex, age and weight. The obtained results were worked out statistically. Results of the research and their promulgation. During the analysis of obtained data it was found out that in control group MDBT of upper and lower jaws in the areas of cutters and canines answered a reviewer values, р>0.05. For patients with fractures of jaws without concomitant diseases of periodontal tissues (group B) MDBT in the area of cutters and canines was in 1.08 times less relatively to the corresponding data in control group, р<0.05. MDBT of upper jaw in patients of group B in the area of premolars didn't differ from the data in control group, р>0.05. In the examined of group В the data of MDBT of lower jaw, in all points of measurements, didn't differ in statistical significance from the results in control group, р>o.05. In patients with fractures of the jaws on the background of generalized periodontitis (group A) MDBT of upper jaw was in the areas of cutters – in 1.9 times, canines – in 1.7 times and premolars – in 1.8 times less relatively to the data in control group, p<0.01. In patients of group А MDBT of lower jaw was in the areas of cutters and premolars in 1.7 times and canines in 1.8 times less compared to the values of the control, p<0.01. It should be noted that in patients of group A MDBT of upper jaw in the areas of incisors and premolars was in 1.8 times and canines in 1.6 times less relatively to the data of the examined of group B, p1<0.01. Mineral density of bone tissue of lower jaw in patients with fractures of the jaws with generalized periodontitis in all measurement areas were in 1.7 times less relatively to the data in patients with fractures of the jaws without concomitant diseases of periodontal tissues, p<0.01. Mineral density of bone tissue of the forearm was analyzed by the method of two-dimensional densitometry in patients of all study groups. As a result of the studies it is established that in patients with fractures of the jaws on the background of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues (group A) normal structural and functional state of bone tissue of the forearm was determined in 5 patients (16.12 %), osteopenia and osteoporosis was in 13 patients, respectively, 41.94 %. In the examined patients with fractures of the jaws without concomitant lesions of periodontal tissues (group A) normal structural and functional state of bone tissue was in 9 patients (30.00 %), osteopenia – in 14 patients (46.67 %) and osteoporosis – in 7 patients (23.33 %).