Oral Liquid Biomarkers’ Dynamics in the Chronic Gingivitis Treatment in Children with Atopic Diseases

The purpose of this study is to examine the efficiency of the proposed scheme of chronic gingivitis prevention and treatment in children with atopic diseases on the basis of correction of antioxidant imbalance and analysis of oral biomarkers. In total 161 patients aged 12-18 years were examined by the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital №1 of Kharkiv and the University Dental Center of Kharkiv National Medical University. Three groups were presented: group 1 – patients with atopic diseases and chronic gingivitis (76 people); group 2 – patients with atopic diseases without clinical manifestations of gingivitis (50 people); group 3 – somatic healthy patients without clinical manifestations of gingivitis (35 people). According to the received data, the first group of patients was diagnosed with severe degree of gingivitis, according to the GI index – 2.53 ± 0.38 points. At the same time, only the isolated manifestations of chronic gingivitis were detected in patients of the second and third groups, the GI index was 0.27 ± 0.26 and 0.23 ± 0.27, respectively. Assessing the level of antioxidants, such as the level of malondialdehyde, made it possible to sum up that there was no difference in the parameters of the first and second groups before the treatment; an increased level of MDA was observed in both groups. In comparison with the control group, where the MDA was at 3.81 ± 0.83, the first and second groups showed a significant difference compared to the third group, the MDA level was 6.87 ± 0.91 μm / l and 5.96 ± 0.79 μm / l, respectively. Analysis of these data indicates that patients with atopic diseases have an increased level of malondialdehyde. At the same time, the increase of MDA level does not correlate with the presence of clinical manifestations of gingivitis. Therefore, MDA can be used as an early biomarker for the chronic gingivitis development in children with atopic diseases. The analysis of dynamics indicators demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method of chronic gingivitis prevention and treatment. At the initial stage, the survey revealed a statistically significant difference between the control group and the groups of children with atopic diseases. According to the data, the level of SOD in the first group at the beginning of the study was 3.3 ± 0.41 U / L, after application of the proposed treatment method in 6 months it increased to 5.72 ± 0.44 U / L, indicating the normalization of this indicator. In the second group of patients, there was also a statistically significant difference between the baseline OS and the level of SOD, recorded after 1, 3 and 6 months. To conclude, the complex examination showed a prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance, which was manifested in reducing superoxide dismutase levels and increasing malondialdehyde levels in the groups of patients with atopic diseases. The application of the proposed method of chronic gingivitis prevention and treatment allows achieving the normalization of antioxidant imbalance markers. The conducted study suggests using biomarkers as prognostic criteria for early diagnosis of periodontal tissue diseases.