MAIN APPROACHES TO STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH WORK

The article examines various scientific approaches to the interpretation of the term «scientific and research activity». It is determined as a special kind of intellectual and creative activity arising from the operation of individual mechanisms of search activity and provides an independent research aimed at theoretical and experimental study of phenomena, processes and facts, identification of patterns through scientific methods of cognition. Three groups of basic research skills in the structure of scientific and research work have been defined. The defined general theoretical skills are: to analyze theoretical phenomena; to summarize research problem; to apply theoretical knowledge in practice. The defined methodological skills are: to conduct an experiment; to use methods of scientific research; to build system of operations. The defined technical skills are: to use bibliographic and other directories; to work with the equipment during the study; to illustrate tables, charts; to quote literature; to execute scientific and research work. The necessity of research and scientific training of students during the studying in institution of higher education has been proved. The main targets of this training are to increase the quality of education and to teach future specialist to think independently and creatively. In general, they can be formulated as: the development of complex of research, experimental and theoretical knowledge, skills and competences of future specialists; formation of the dialectical logic and scientific thinking; the formation of a scientific outlook and possession of methods of scientific knowledge; development of professional and cultural outlook of specialist through the integration of educational and scientific progress; creation of positive motivation and sustained interest to the profession which is being studied, encouraging of the interest to the research and scientific work and recognition of its social significance; development of public speaking skills and participation in scientific discussions. The research training of students must occur in stages. In the first stage future specialists are studying the methods of scientific research and must adapt to new conditions of studying, performing reproductive kinds of activity. The second stage involves active scientific and research work and implementation of research tasks within independent work. In the third stage, students participate in educational study (with a significant increase in self-study) and in production and scientific projects.