Effect of Ethanolic Extract Fractions of Rosa centifolia in Doxorubicin-induced Myocardial Toxicity in Albino Rats

This study was undertaken to understand the preventive role of ethanolic extract fractions of flower petals of Rosa centifolia (RC) against Doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in albino rats. The ethanolic extract of flower petals of RC was prepared by hot extraction method and further fractionated into petroleum ether (PERC), chloroform (CHRC), ethyl acetate (EARC) and aqueous (AQRC) fractions by increasing in order of polarity. Cardiotoxicity was produced by cumulative administration of Dox (2.5 mg/kg alternative day for two weeks). All four fractions (PERC-20 mg/kg, CLRC-15 mg/kg, EARC-40 mg/kg and AQRC-25 mg/kg) were administered as pretreatment for two weeks followed by Dox on alternative days for two weeks. The general observations, biomarker enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK-MB) and troponin-I (cTnI), biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were monitored after three weeks of last dose. Myocardial toxicity was also evaluated by histopathologic studies. Repeated administration of Dox-induced cardiomyopathy was characterized with an increased level of biomarkers and antioxidant deficit. Pretreatment with the EARC (40 mg/kg) and standard drug (Vit-E 100 mg/kg) significantly protected myocardium from the toxic effects of Dox by reducing the elevated level of biomarker enzymes like LDH, CK-MB, biochemical parameters such as AST and ALT, absence of cTnI and restoring of disorganized myocardial tissue to normal. The biomarker, biochemical and histopathological data evidently substantiate the cardioprotective effect of EARC, which could be attributed to flavanoids present in the ethyl acetate fraction.