DEPENDENCE OF PARAMETERS OF METABOLISM AND CELL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD ON CYTOLOGICAL PICTURE OF BONE MARROW IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Background. Currently, there exist a lot of different approaches, methods and tools to diagnose, assess the severity, analyze the degree of damage to the bone marrow parenchyma in multiple myeloma, however, the basic method is a cytological examination of the bone marrow punctate. Aim. The aim of the present research was to analyze the cytological structure of the bone marrow in multiple myeloma in the onset of the disease, to characterize the morphological features of the myeloma cells observed in microscopic examination of the bone marrow punctate, and also to identify the relationship between parameters of metabolism and cell composition of blood and the characteristics of cells of the plasmocytic lineage. Materials and Methods. 104 Bone marrow samples obtained from patients with bone marrow plasmocytoma were examined. On the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, from this group of patients the main group was selected, which included 21 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Cytological examination of the bone marrow with evaluation of the morphological characteristics of cells of the plasmocytic lineage was carried out, some parameters of metabolism and cell composition of blood were studied. Statistical data processing was carried out using parametric methods of descriptive statistics and Pearsons correlation coefficient. Results. In the course of the research, the following results were obtained: with an increasing number of myeloma cells in the bone marrow, the cytological polymorphism of myeloma cells also increases, which may indirectly indicate the severity of bone marrow damage. Analysis of the cell composition of the blood of patients with multiple myeloma showed that the development of bone marrow plasmocytoma negatively influences erythropoiesis, with the result of development of normochromic anemia. As to parameters of metabolism, changes in nitrogen metabolism and disorders in mineral metabolism were found that consisted in the development of iron deficiency conditions in this group of patients, which agrees with the data of numerous research works. In the correlation analysis, no significant correlation relationships were found between parameters of the myelogram and the characteristics of the peripheral blood. Conclusion. It should be noted that, based on the data obtained, it is necessary to continue the search for analytically reliable, informative, economically acceptable methods for diagnosing multiple myeloma.