Analysis of Heterogeneous Delay-Tolerant Networks with Non-Cooperative Nodes and Limited Message Lifetime

Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) routing protocols assume nodes to be cooperative in forwarding packets from one node to other nodes. However, in real world most of the nodes because of resource and energy constrains are non-cooperative. In this paper, node cooperation is considered with probability ps and pr, respectively in sending and receiving a message. We also investigate the impact of limited message lifetime on the performance of routing schemes in heterogeneous DTN (in terms of transmission radii) with non-cooperative nodes. This node cooperation behavior is modeled by using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and the performance study of the Two-Hop Routing (2HR) and Epidemic Routing (ER) in a realistic DTN setting that comprises of nodes with different transmission radii. Our model is validated by the extensive simulations.