Hygienic Assessment of Xenobiotics Intake by the Body of Children from the Atmospheric Air of Industrial Cities

The observations of the content of air pollutants in the atmosphere was conducted in the industrial cities of the Dnipropetrovsk region – the Dnieper and Kamiansk by the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Center for Hydrometeorology and the State Enterprise "Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine". Material and methods. Significant annual average concentrations of specific pollutants are constantly recorded: up to 3.67 MPCs. – phenol, up to 3.08 MPC s.c. – ammonia, up to 6.33 MAC s.c. – formaldehyde, as well as in certain years to 1.13 MAC mp – hydrogen sulfide in the air of the monitored areas of Dnipro and Kamianske cities. On average, during the observation period, the content of hydrogen sulfide (0.25 MPC mp) and phenol (0.67 MWh) were significantly lower (p <0.05-0.001) than in other regions, in the atmosphere of the district the comparison was Dnipropetrovsk, the highest – in the industrial areas of cities and in the area with intensive traffic. Results and discussion. The highest concentrations of these xenobiotics are typical for industrial areas of cities. It is necessary to pay attention to the stable high concentrations of formaldehyde in the atmosphere of the industrial regions of Kamianske. The average annual concentrations of this substance varied from (0.008 ± 0.001) mg / m³ to (0.019 ± 0.002) mg / m³ and exceeded the MPC s.d. from 2.67 to 6.33 times. It should also be noted that the content of formaldehyde in the air tended to gradually increase over time. Considering that the source of formaldehyde in the environment was not only industrial enterprises, but also motor transport, we can assume that the established tendency is connected with the growth of the number of automobile fleet. Based on the actual concentrations of chemical pollutants in the atmospheric air of the monitoring areas of the Dnipro and Kamianske cities, the dose of AN was calculated (mg / kg × day) of xenobiotics to a child's body. The analysis of average daily doses of the receipt of certain xenobiotics with atmospheric air showed that the children's population of the Dnipro and Kamianske cities was influenced by a more significant (p <0.05), in comparison with the reference values or permissible daily doses of the receipt of that or another substance to the body, an aerogenic loading of formaldehyde (in 2.2-4 times). When comparing the values of the aerogenic inflow of xenobiotics with the same values obtained in other settlements – Zaporizhzhya, Kiev, Druzhkovka, it was determined that the Dnipro and Kamianske cities polluted the organism of children more than in the other regions, a 3.3-fold higher dose of phenol, 2.2 times formaldehyde. Conclusions. The analysis of aerogenic xenobiotic input allowed to establish that in the conditions of the city of Kamianske, the dose of phenol (in 2.5 times) and formaldehyde (in 2.2) were higher (p <0.05) than in the Dnipro. Our data suggest that the least aerogenic loading of xenobiotics is experienced by children living in the area of comparison. Thus, the amount of formaldehyde was 1.4 times lower in the comparison area than in the area with intensive traffic (p <0.05), hydrogen sulfide was 1.5 times higher in the industrial area than in the comparison area (p <0.05)