MITIGATION FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: MEASURES OF CONTROLLING CHAOS FOR CLIMATE VARIABILITY

Climate change is continuous process with respect to different time. Climate variability shows the chaotic behaviour in days, months, years and so on. To make the process sustain and to handle the situation we need to control the chaos. Climate change and urban areas are linked in many ways. Urban areas emit higher per capita levels of greenhouse gases than the global average, as cities are centres of significant industrial activity and energy consumption. Emissions vary widely from city to city depending on its economic base and per capita income, but in general, the main sources of emissions are from energy supply (especially power production), transportation (especially use of private vehicles), energy consumption, in particular in the built environment, and methane from waste management. Indirectly, cities are hubs or air and freight transport and thus these emissions may be attributable to cities. Urban areas represent an even greater proportion of economic production and consumption, they emit over 75% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Global attempts to limit greenhouse gas emissions to “acceptable” levels require developing country urban areas, a source of incredible growth in emissions, to develop and fund viable and mitigation strategies. As such urban areas are more vulnerable to climate change, plans to adapt, and sustainably develop, will require even greater planning, funding, and political resources than mitigation efforts. To assist city, national, and multi-lateral organizations in tackling these challenges, in particular in developing countries, this study reviews the existing studies on cities and climate change. Most of the literature related to cities and greenhouse gas emissions are from city studies and plans, in particular for larger cities in industrialize countries. Guidance on preparing emissions inventories is the second principal source of study. This is large because the methodological issues around cities and emissions are largely similar, but (usually) at a smaller scale than for national inventories; the focus for city governments is mainly on how they undertake effective steps to mitigate emissions.