METAPHOR AS A WAY OF UNDERSTANDING REALITY

In the article, the text, in particular the poetic one, is considered in the light of cognitive linguistics as a way of fixing and translating the individual consciousness of the author producing it, in connection with which, the problems of identifying the intended individual author's sense in the process of decoding in order to minimize failures of the adequacy of its understanding, individual author's metaphorical interpretation of various kinds of objects, events, their characteristics in the process of cognition, as well as finding points of contact between the individual author's and the collective, national and universal are considered significant. Individual author's metaphor is considered as a way of comprehending reality. It is noted that the metaphor awakens and connects our memories of the past and serves as a possible reference point for the future. The individual author's metaphor can act not only as a means of comprehending, reconstructing (recreating) reality, designing, transforming, refracting from a certain angle, but also a means of escape from it. Only what is a significant part of the human world, and the way it is dictated, in particular, by our experience, including sensory one, which “delivers” us raw materials from which we construct our pictures of the world is learnt metaphorically. The result of metaphorization is influenced by our beliefs, made by us on the basis of experience, which, as a rule, are updated and adjusted as new experience is acquired. Values give meaning to our beliefs. Internal states serve simultaneously as a filter for perception and a stimulus for actions (the theory of R. Dilts, transformed for generating the metaphor). Social attitudes serve as directed vectors of mental operations. All of the above is a “building material”, from which individual author's metaphors are formed