DISCOURSE AND ITS TYPOLOGY IN RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS

The article is devoted to the analysis of discourse definitions and the study of the principles of the typologization of discourse varieties in Russian linguistics. The purpose of the article is to establish the principles of classification of discourse varieties and search for universal classification attribute for the specific division of the latter. It is established that the predominant focus on the study of symbolic or functional properties of a language determines the presence of two paradigms in linguistic science: system-structural and communicative, to which discourse belongs, and which grew out of communicative linguistics and “hybrid” disciplines – pragmalinguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, etc. Discourse has not yet received a clear and unambiguous definition, because of the polysemy and ambiguity of the content. It is difficult to talk about proper terminological status of discourse and the name “discourse”: outside the context of a specific theory, it remains a protermin, in order to turn it into a full-valued term, it is necessary to include it in the system of connections of some research paradigm. The absence of a universal and clear meaningful definition of discourse leads to the impossibility of a consistent one-character classification of its varieties, the typology of discourse is based on overlapping features, the choice of which is determined by the choice of the research model and the subject of the research. The thematic type of discourse deserves special attention, since it can be extended to all types of discourse, singled out on the basis of a meaningful principle. At the same time, the topic of discourse is defined by certain basic concepts, from which new, derivative meanings are generated and on the basis of which the communicative events that make up this discourse are developed. It seems that a combination of research methods of linguistic conceptology and discourse analysis can result in the formation of another scientific field – linguistic discourse conceptology.