Prevalence of Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Community Acquired Pneumonia and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital, South India

Introduction Pneumonia is an infection of pulmonary parenchyma, which results from the proliferation of microbial pathogen at the alveolar level and the host response to those pathogens. Aetiology of CAP is generally bacterial but the microbial pattern varies from place to place. The most common pathogen in any patient population is Streptococcus pneumoniae. A major consideration in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia is the increasing worldwide incidence of resistance to antibiotics. Sputum is often the most readily available clinical specimen and commonly used for diagnosis of CAP. Aims and objectives 1. To know the prevalence of Stre. pneumoniae in community acquired pneumonia.2. To know the susceptibility pattern of Stre. pneumoniae. Materials and methods Retrospective analysis of Sputum samples received for culture and sensitivity from January 2016 to December 2016 were processed. After screening, 1098 sputum samples were processed. Smears were prepared from colonies of haemolytic and stained with gram stain. The isolates were confirmed by optochin susceptibility and bile solubility test.510 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results Of 1098 processed sputum samples 863 samples showed culture positive (78.6 %). Among culture positive samples 510 isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae (59.1 %). Of 510 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates 71.8 % were from OPD and 28.2 % from IPD. Majority of the isolates were from 41- 60 years. Susceptibility to amoxicillin- clavulanic acid was 72.9 % and piperacillin tazobactum 81.3 %. Conclusions 1. Strep. pneumoniae accounts for 59.1 % of community acquired pneumonia.2. The most common age group affected with Strep. pneumoniae was 41-60 years.3. More isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin- clavulanic acid and piperacillin tazobactum.