Effect of Irrigation Methods and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Barley Crop

This work was carried out to study the effects of different sprinklers layouts, different irrigation levels, and different doses of fertilizers on barley production under clay soil conditions. To achieve the objectives of this study, the sprinklers layouts were square and triangular in addition to the flood irrigation. Also, two irrigation levels (100 % and 50 %) crop evapotranspiration ETc and two nitrogen fertilizers doses were used. The results showed that the amounts of applied water were 5077 m3. ha-1 for flood treatment while for sprinkler treatment, were 4201 m3. ha-1 and 3068 m3. ha-1 at 100 % ETc and 50 % ETc, respectively. The highest values of distribution uniformity, coefficient of uniformity, and application efficiency of low quarter were achieved by the square layout. Grain yield increased from 4.55 Mg. ha-1 with flood to 5.70 Mg. ha-1 under sprinkler irrigation with square layout at 100 % ETc and 100 % fertilizer. Moreover, straw yield increased from 5.36 Mg. ha-1 with flood to 9.65 Mg. ha-1 under sprinkler irrigation with square layout at 100 % ETc and 100 % fertilizer. Water use efficiency increased from 0.90 kg. m-3 with flood to 1.64 kg. m-3 under sprinkling method with triangular layout at 50 % ETc and 100 % fertilizer. Energy use efficiency increased from 13.66 kg. kW-1. h-1 with flood to 18.20 kg. kW-1. h-1 under sprinkler irrigation with triangular layout at 50 % ETc and 100 % fertilizer. In conclusion, sprinklers square layout at 100 % ETc with 100 % fertilizer gave the best results.