MODERN ASPECTS OF THE LIVER ALCOHOLIC DISEASE DEVELOPMENT

Aim. To conduct a review of the known clinical and experimental studies concerning the modern aspects of the pathogenesis of damage and reparative regeneration of liver tissue in chronic alcohol intoxication. Results and Discussion. The article investigates the modern aspects of pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. The notes include the information of the major risk factors of alcoholic liver disease, described ethanol metabolism in the body and the modern view of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, which will offer an opportunity to improve pathogenesis correction and elaborate a complex therapy of alcoholic liver damage. It is well known that the threshold of alcohol toxicity on the liver is about 40 grams of ethanol daily in men and 20-30 grams in women; however, liver cirrhosis develops in no more than 8-20% of patients exceeding these values. Ethanol is oxidized in the liver to acetaldehyde, a compound considerably more toxic than ethanol itself. The acetaldehyde has a hepatotoxic action and can change the hepatocytes ànd reduce homeostasis, which leads to a number of metabolic disorders such as lactic acidosis and hyperlipidemia. The most common pathogenesis mechanism includes the profound changes in the metabolism that lead to violations of biogenesis, the structure and the function of cells, the organs and systems, and especially - the liver. The materials of the pathogenesis evolution of alcoholic liver disease underline the urgency of this medical and social problem; because the problem of alcohol abuse in Ukraine, especially among teenagers and young adults assumes national character, it causes the reduce of public health level, economic losses and high mortality. Also the mechanisms of reparative regeneration of liver tissue are damaged. Regeneration of liver tissue is due to proliferation, polyploidy and hypertrophy of hepatocytes. The excess of polyploidy hepatocytes leads to hypofunction of the organ. Failure of reparative regeneration can contribute to chronic process and the formation of liver cirrhosis. Conclusion. Research and experimental study of age-injury and reparative regeneration of liver by chronic alcohol intoxication is a current question needing further research. It can help to improve the correction of disorders associated with chronic toxic effects of alcohol on the body. Key words: alcoholic liver disease, ethanol, acetaldehyde, reparative regeneration